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US CO: ‘No-Knock’ Raids Not Colorblind

Media Awareness ProjectPubdate: Sun, 20 Feb 2000

Source: Denver Rocky Mountain News (CO)

US CO: ‘No-Knock’ Raids Not Colorblind

Author: Kevin Flynn, Lou Kilzer, Staff Writers

More than 82 percent of Denver’s “no-knock” raids in 1999 targeted minority residents.A Denver Rocky Mountain News analysis of 178 no-knock warrants issued last year showed that white suspects were targeted in only 14 percent of the cases. In slightly more than 3 percent of the searches, the race of the suspect was not disclosed.

Denver’s population is 56 percent white and 44 percent minority, according to 1997 Census estimates.

The disparity has some community activists saying, “I told you so.”

“Is it an abuse of power that basically has been overlooked?” asked Rev. Gill Ford, president of the Colorado NAACP. “I think the numbers are demonstrating that it is.”

“The statistic is not surprising,” said LeRoy Lemos, spokesman for a committee seeking changes in police no-knock policies. “It’s something we’ve been saying for a long time.”

Mayor Wellington Webb and senior police administrators declined to comment on the News’ findings.

The records analyzed by the News also indicate that the changes activists are seeking might already be taking place.

Since the fatal shooting of Mexican national Ismael Mena in a botched no-knock raid Sept. 29, the number of such search warrants has plummeted.

From November through January, police obtained search warrants for 23 no-knock raids, compared to 64 such warrants granted in the same period a year earlier.

Police would not comment on the decline.

Police have been under intense criticism since the killing of Mena, who lived on the second floor of a two-story house at 3738 High St.

Although officials knew almost immediately after the shooting that they had raided the wrong house, they didn’t acknowledge it publicly for two months.

On Dec. 7, they raided the house next door at 3742 High St, which had been the original target. They recovered three small bags of crack and suspected cocaine. They also arrested two people, including a 13-year-old boy who informants said had been selling crack.

In the aftermath of the Mena raid, a Denver police officer said she felt pressured to fabricate reports about trouble at his house.

Jefferson County District Attorney Dave Thomas, acting as special prosecutor in the investigation, found no evidence of wrongdoing by her supervisors. But two of them, including the District 2 commander, Capt. Marco Vasquez, were transferred.

Thomas filed perjury charges against Joseph Bini, the officer who filed the sworn affidavit for the search at Mena’s house. The charges accuse Bini of “unlawfully and knowingly” lying on the Mena affidavit.

Thomas also cleared the SWAT officers who participated in the raid and shot Mena.

Police Chief Tom Sanchez resigned under pressure four days later.

No-knock raids are a key police weapon in the war against drugs.

Denver District Attorney Bill Ritter, who is independent of the city administration, said the police practice of targeting suspected crack houses in minority neighborhoods was sparked by residents in the same neighborhoods more than six years ago.

In the wake of a series of gang-related drive-by shootings in what came to be called the Summer of Violence in 1993, citizens at Webb’s Safe City Summit demanded a police crackdown on drug dealers in their neighborhoods.

“This is very much in response to the community concern that was voiced in 1993,” said Ritter, who attended many of the sessions.

The NAACP’s Ford said that no-knock raids targeting major drug dealers are a legitimate police response.

But he said that far too many such raids are aimed at “nickel-and-dime buys” involving low-level drug users and dealers.

Ritter said police might be more cautious now in the aftermath of the Mena killing, accounting for the decline in no-knock raids. Ritter is on a panel with Chief Denver County Judge Robert Patterson, and Safety Manager Butch Montoya that is reviewing procedures for no-knock raid policies.

Court records for 1999 show that many of the raids were based on the time-tested and legal practice of “controlled buys” of narcotics by a trusted police informant — usually a drug user who has agreed to cooperate.

As a result, many of the raids — especially those initiated by Bini and other street patrol officers — are based on $20 or $40 crack buys.

Often, the records showed, the amount of drugs seized in the raids was less than police expected to find.

During the investigation leading to a raid in August in the 3400 block of Humboldt Street — a house also raided in May — Bini and his partner, Dan Andrews, watched from a nearby porch as people entered the house for a few minutes then left.

One suspect was followed, found in possession of crack cocaine and arrested.

On that basis, a no-knock raid was authorized for the next day.

According to court documents, police recovered a VCR, two CD players and some hats — but no drugs.

“Would a $20 rock of coke suffice to use a no-knock in Cherry Creek?” Ford asked rhetorically, citing one of the city’s wealthiest neighborhoods.

“I would hope for a total reappraisal” of the raid policy, Ford added. “I would also hope that the district attorney’s office as well as the judges would expect more substance than that.

“Probable cause is one of the broadest areas that you can look at. And it really becomes a point of discretion, and that discretion can be abused. And that appears to be what’s going on here.”

Mark Silverstein, legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Colorado, said the level of evidence police presented in requesting some of the search warrants was surprisingly low.

Police raided a house on Josephine Street although the search warrant affidavit, written by Bini’s partner Andrews, did not claim that drugs were in the house.

In the sworn statement, Bini, Andrews and officer Kelly Ohu took an informant to the area to make a controlled buy.

The informant met a man in front of the house then went behind the house. Later, the informant said the transaction occurred behind the house, out of sight of the officers.

“The police have no business taking this request to the judge. The DA has no business approving it, and the judge has no business signing it on that kind of affidavit,” Silverstein said.

Ritter said that current policies are stricter than the law requires.

“I think there is a real concern that prior to our committee looking at these things and giving direction, they have changed their practices and become more cautious,” Ritter said.

“If we’re going to impose requirements on the police that are stricter than the legal requirements, that’s the question we have to answer as a city,” he said.

Although Webb declined to discuss the issue with the News last week, he previously has said he wants police to continue to include no-knock raids in their arsenal of crime-fighting tools.

Ritter indicated that one question the review panel will examine is the adequacy of police training in preparing search warrants.

David Bruno, Bini’s attorney, said that Bini received no training in preparing search warrant affidavits. Bruno said Bini was teaching other officers his practices despite having no training himself.

Assistant District Attorney Chuck Lepley has taught search warrant classes at the police academy but said most cops hone their skills on the streets.

“In practice, whatever training they get in the academy moves into the practical environment, where they pick up things from other officers,” Lepley said. “If those other officers have bad habits, that’ll get picked up.”

The News’ analysis of Denver’s 178 no-knock raids shows that 80 percent of those initiated by veteran narcotics detectives resulted in substantial recovery of illegal drugs.

Sixty-four percent of those raids initiated by street officers such as Bini found substantial amounts, the News analysis showed.

Lepley said that experienced narcotics detectives generally prepare authoritative search warrant affidavits.

Lepley singled out Detective Mike Gassman as someone who routinely double-checks confidential informants’ information.

Gassman’s affidavits show extensive corroboration, such as driver’s license checks, utility records and other methods to verify to a judge that the target of the investigation, in fact, lives in the house police want to raid.

Lemos, spokesman for the Justice for Mena Committee, said it isn’t true that police target minorities because most drug trafficking involves them.

“It’s very clear that the drug problem in America is not an inner-city problem alone but a problem that also plagues suburbia,” he said. “The difference is the enforcement.

“White Americans would not stand for police to enforce no-knock warrants in their communities,” he said.

“Sadly,” Ford added, “we don’t monitor the police, and we just simply trust them to do the right thing. I think we’re finding that that trust is being misplaced.”

Of the five raids Bini initiated for which an inventory of seized property was returned, no drugs were found in two of them, including the Mena raid. The other three raids found small amounts typical of what a user, rather than a dealer, would have.

One person who says she was a victim of an unfounded Bini no-knock warrant was Linda Smith, a reading teacher who has lived in her north Denver home for 16 years.

She says that first targeted her 26-year-old daughter’s house then turned on her when her daughter came to stay with her.

In the spring, black-clad SWAT team members burst into her home with rifles and guns drawn, shouting commands. Smith said the house was crowded with relatives, including three grandchildren ages 1 to 9.

Smith said the children burst into tears when one leader of the SWAT team called males in the family “roaches.”

She said no drugs were found. However, the police, she said, threatened to seize her home.

The search warrant for Smith’s home did not include a required follow-up inventory that lists the items, if any, that were seized. As a result, the News could not verify Smith’s version of events.

Contact Kevin Flynn at (303) 892-5247 or flynnk@RockyMountainNews.com . Contact Lou Kilzer at (303) 892-2644 or kilzerl@RockyMountainNews.com .

MAP posted-by: Doc-Hawk

Thailand: Drugs Case Britons Are Released From Thai Jail

Media Awareness ProjectPubdate: Thu, 24 Feb 2000

Source: Daily Telegraph (UK)

Thailand: Drugs Case Britons Are Released From Thai Jail

Author: Paul Baldwin

TWO British backpackers were released on bail from prison in Thailand last night three weeks after police allegedly discovered drugs in their room.Judith Payne, a 21-year-old dental nurse, and James Gilligan, 25 and unemployed, were arrested at gunpoint after drugs officers raided a guest house and allegedly uncovered opium and cannabis.

Gilligan, from Pontefract, West Yorks, is reported to have admitted possessing the drugs but Payne, from Castleford, also West Yorks, said she did not know they were there and only offered to share her room because Gilligan had nowhere to stay.

A British embassy official described the pair as “the luckiest people in the world” after lengthy legal negotiations secured their release on bail from the notorious “Bangkok Hilton” jail on sureties of UKP5,000 each.

Payne said she was delighted to have been released from the “hellish conditions” at the Women’s Correctional Institute.

Gilligan, released from the nearby Central Correctional Institute for Drug Addicts at the same time, was similarly relieved but both have been banned from leaving Thailand before their trial, which could be up to two years. If they are convicted on charges of possessing half a kilogram of cannabis end five grams of opium they face a maximum of six years.

In a statement to police Gilligan admitted possessing the drugs. Last night he said: “It was all my fault. I bought the drugs and took them to Judith’s room. I am very sorry for the trouble I have caused. I am willing to stay and face the music. I do not have any convictions and pray that they will give me a suspended sentence.”

Payne, whose guest house room was in Khaosarn Road – setting of the opening scene of the film The Beach – said she only met Gilligan on the day of her arrest. She said: “As soon as the drugs were found James put his hands up, he did the honourable thing. I’m relieved I don’t want to go through that hell again.”

Payne, who was on her first trip abroad, said her parents had been unaware of her arrest until days ago as they had been on holiday. Her mother Valerie, who stood the UKP5,000 bail, said last night: “We are relieved but it is early days. I have spoken to her and she seems alright.”

Describing the conditions in jail, Payne said: “I have been sleeping in a room with people squashed in like sardines, head to toe. I got to wash once a day, but was allowed only three scoops of a shallow bowl to pour over myself.”

MAP posted-by: Jo-D

US MD: Police Rule Was Ignored Before Death

Media Awareness ProjectPubdate: Mon, 21 Feb 2000

Source: Washington Post (DC)

US MD: Police Rule Was Ignored Before Death

Author: Craig Whitlock, Washington Post Staff Writer

Pr. George’s Manual Says To Get Suspect on Drugs HelpPrince George’s County police failed to follow their rules for handling drugged-out suspects when, according to their account, they left Elmer Clayton Newman Jr. handcuffed in a cell and waited more than an hour to get him medical help before he died.

According to the police department’s General Order Manual, officers are supposed to take suspects to a hospital as soon as they “exhibit bizarre behavior,” or complain of sickness, or if it is obvious that the person is high on drugs.

Newman, 29, was arrested early in the morning of Sept. 22 after officers responded to his Suitland apartment for a 911 call. Police said he attacked them with his fists for no reason, was in a state of “delirium” and acted so out of control that they had to use pepper spray to subdue him.

But instead of driving to a hospital, as their orders dictate, the Prince George’s officers took Newman to the Oxon Hill district station, where they locked him in a cell with his handcuffs still on. Police said Newman continued to thrash around and beat his head against the wall, but they did not call paramedics until an hour later when they noticed he had passed out.

Police officials declined to comment on why Newman wasn’t given medical treatment earlier, saying the case was still under investigation. “That I can’t answer,” said Royce D. Holloway, a police spokesman.

After completing an autopsy, the Maryland chief medical examiner ruled the case a homicide, attributing Newman’s death to both a cocaine overdose and injuries he sustained at the hands of police. The FBI and Prince George’s prosecutors are conducting separate investigations.

Five months later, with authorities saying little else, exactly what happened to Elmer Newman remains unclear. Prince George’s police have given conflicting accounts of several key aspects of the case and have been challenged by witnesses on other points, according to documents and interviews.

Shortly after Newman died, for example, police said he had sustained “contusions” to his wrists when officers handcuffed him but did not appear to have any other injuries. Last week, however, police acknowledged that the medical examiner’s report states Newman suffered neck and chest injuries so severe that they contributed to his death.

Police also have given contradictory statements about how many officers were involved.

In September, police said they placed five officers on routine administrative leave pending the outcome of an investigation. Last week, however, they said that seven officers actually had been put on leave.

Holloway said the seven officers were allowed to return to work last Friday and had been assigned desk jobs. He said he could not explain why they were permitted to come back to work with the investigation still open.

Other parts of the police department’s story have been questioned. For instance, Police Chief John S. Farrell described Newman as a “huge” man who weighed 300 pounds and fought the officers with “tremendous strength,” even after police handcuffed him.

But Newman’s relatives said he weighed no more than 230 pounds. And a 65-year-old neighbor who saw Newman’s arrest through the peephole of her apartment across the hall said he did not resist as two officers detained him and led him from the building.

Christopher A. Griffiths, an attorney for Newman’s family, said police bungled the case from the start.

“They killed him by leaving him on the floor of that jail cell to die,” he said. “It was deliberate. Why were they beating him and restraining him and keeping him in a holding cell? Why wasn’t he taken to the hospital?”

Prince George’s community leaders who monitor the police department said the lack of clear answers also has made them skeptical.

“There is something fishy and suspicious about this,” said Eugene Grant, a Seat Pleasant resident who is a member of Farrell’s police advisory board. “I still don’t think the truth has come out . . . . It’s difficult to trust anything [the police] say.”

Edythe Flemings Hall, president of the Prince George’s chapter of the NAACP, said she plans to meet with Farrell and County Executive Wayne K. Curry (D) to discuss the Newman case and other instances in which people died after struggling with police.

“I expect the police to bring a person into submission without killing them,” she said.

Newman was one of eight people who died in 1999 after struggling with Prince George’s police, including five men who were fatally shot during altercations. Three of the deaths remain under investigation by local authorities. Officers involved in the other cases were cleared by prosecutors and grand juries, police said.

A Prince George’s native, Elmer Newman grew up in Capitol Heights with his mother and two older sisters and graduated from Bowie High School. Family members said he worked an assortment of odd jobs, most recently taking inventory in warehouses.

His mother, Clarcy Newman, said he had six children but never married. He lived with his mother until a few months before his death, when he moved into an apartment in Suitland with a girlfriend.

“He was a mother’s boy–we spoiled him to death,” Clarcy Newman said. “He was real quiet and liked to stay in the house most of the time. But he was a really fun-loving person who loved to make people laugh.”

Newman was convicted once, in March 1991, of a single count of theft and given a suspended sentence, according to Prince George’s court records.

There is no indication that he had any more encounters with the police until Sept. 22, 1999, when he picked up the phone in his apartment at 2:18 a.m. and called 911 to report a break-in.

It is unclear what happened after that. Police refused to release a tape of the 911 call. They also refused to disclose records of police radio dispatches that would reveal how many officers responded to the incident and pinpoint their movements.

Newman was taken by ambulance from the police station to Fort Washington Hospital at 4:11 a.m. and was pronounced dead shortly thereafter. His body was then taken to the state medical examiner’s morgue in Baltimore.

Theodore King, the examiner who conducted the autopsy, ruled the cause of death as “cardiac arrhythmia . . . related to cocaine intoxication and multiple neck and chest injuries related to restraint during police custody,” according to police. He also ruled the death a homicide.

King declined to comment and would not release the full autopsy report, saying the matter was still under investigation by police. Prince George’s police also refused to release their copy of the autopsy findings, referring inquiries to the medical examiner’s office.

Police said they have turned over the results of their investigation to the Prince George’s State’s Attorney’s Office, which is expected to bring the case to a grand jury. It will be up to prosecutors and the grand jury to determine if officers’ actions were justified or if criminal charges are warranted.

Farrell played down the homicide ruling by the medical examiner, saying that it didn’t mean that officers did anything wrong. “It’s not unusual where they call it a homicide,” he said of cases, such as fatal shootings, in which people die after struggling with police.

But forensic pathologists interviewed by The Washington Post said the medical examiner was making a clear distinction by ruling Newman’s death a homicide, as opposed to an accident.

“It becomes a judgment call as to how the police are restraining him,” said Robert Kirschner, former deputy chief medical examiner in Cook County, Ill. “If there’s evidence that the restraint was excessive, then [the medical examiners] would probably call it a homicide.”

Added Jonathan L. Arden, the D.C. medical examiner: “That’s the judgment call that has to be based on the autopsy findings and investigation. You have to weigh how severe the injuries are and other factors.”

MAP posted-by: Jo-D

1. International Drug Users Day (IDUD)1999 -1 November By Theo Van Dam & Daan Van der Gouwe

November 1, 1999, Zaandam, the Netherlands

Organised by Landelijk Steunpunt Druggebruikers (LSD) & National Interest Group of Drug Users

On November 1 1999, LSD organised their fourth annual ‘Drug Users Day’.

Reported by: Theo Van Dam & Daan Van der Gouwe

In our first three years, we organised our events in Utrecht, Amsterdam, and The Hague.

They were mainly ‘national’ events for Dutch users, offering drug users the opportunity to meet and discuss topics of mutual interest with social workers, politicians and others professionals.

Drug users have found this day very valuable – and not just because it is possible to use drugs here!

At least for one day in the year, there are no people looking at you with disdain, and one feels accepted as a ‘human being’, so to speak.

Not surprisingly, this annual Drug Users day is now well known amongst both drug users and drug workers in every corner of our (small) country.

This year, reflecting both the trend towards greater European integration and the extension of LSD’s activities abroad, it was decided that this Fourth Annual day should be an international event, and therefore user groups from many other countries were invited to send representatives.

LSD applied for and received extra funding to cover some of these expenses, and so we were able to invite a number of people from other countries.

User groups from nine different countries spent the day itself in workshops discussing themes of common interest, and then joined together to have fun in a closing party, which even included a band consisting of several police officers from the ‘infamous’ Warmoesstraat police station in Amsterdam!

This report will give you an insight into the events of International Drug Users Day, November 1, as well as telling you a bit about the activities that led up to the day itself.

LSD would like to thank the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports for their assistance, as their support made all this possible.

The Day Before

As we said earlier, this was the first time that LSD had organised an international happening.

Invitations were sent out to all the Dutch user groups or junkie-unions – and in response large delegations of users from all the cities came on the day, – as well as social workers, politicians,
and other interested parties attending.

This time, we also invited representatives from user groups in other countries.

We were very pleased that members of user groups from Belgium, France, Germany, UK, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain and Ireland were able to participate in our event.

The day before the meeting, the international delegates met together at the MDHG in Amsterdam, one of the oldest user groups in the Netherlands.

Also attending the meeting were a member of the Dutch Parliament and a film crew from Dutch Breakfast TV.

At this meeting, members of LSD explained to the delegates how their organisation had started, and why it had been set up in the first place.

They outlined the aims and objectives of their project and described the activities of the organisation. In particular, they discussed their reasons for holding an annual Drug Users Day.

After this, some informal discussions took place – and finally delegates were briefed on the quality and availability of various local drugs, as well as on local ‘user etiquette’.

A general misconception among tourists is that all drugs are legal in the Netherlands and that one can smoke or shoot up dope everywhere without any problems.

Unfortunately, many people still find out ‘the hard way’ that this is not true.

LSD then spoke about the development of current Dutch drug policy and talked about the general trend amongst local drug users to inject less and smoke (or ‘chase’) their dope much more.

Finally, a friendly warning was given to the international delegates about the difference in the quality of dope in Holland in comparison to other countries, and the unpleasant consequences
that this could have for unwary users.

The International Drug Users Day 1999

The 1999 Drug User day took place at a concert hall in Zaandam not far from Amsterdam – where usually any drug use other than cannabis is prohibited.

LSD took responsibility for providing and managing a safe-injection room, which was located in a quiet corner of the building.

Necessary items such as clean needles, ascorbic acid and sterile water were freely available there.

In the main area, delegates were allowed to smoke dope.

Because the policy was to keep drug-using ‘indoors’, there were no complaints about the event
from the surrounding neighbourhood.

Although drug use was permitted during the conference, delegates were successfully encouraged to postpone their drug use until the party later in the day – as there was some work to do first!

Workshops

Approximately 250 delegates attended the formal conference event. Workshops were held simultaneously in three different locations in the building.

It was agreed that each of the countries present would facilitate a workshop.

The conference was held in English, as this was the most common shared language amongst delegates. However, this was sometimes difficult as most delegates did not speak English as their native language, and some had problems.

However- everyone seemed to feel that it all worked out well in the end.

Here is a short overview of the main topics that were discussed in the various workshops.

Workshop Belgium by Tonny (BAD)

The workshop was about the setting-up of user groups in Antwerp, and what they have already achieved in less than a year.

BAD started early 1999 as a result of a peer education project.

The Flemish policy on drug users has always been one of repression and non-acceptance.

This has lead to overcrowded prisons, an increase of drug related harm, and in particular, deteriorating health for many drug users.

BAD wants to change this all, but as it is the case in many other countries, drug users in Belgium are a controversial topic of discussion.

Rarely do policymakers speak with us.

Our group meets weekly and is being supported by Antwerp outreach teams and the Free Clinic.

They have started interviewing about 100 drug users in Antwerp to find out what services they feel should be available.

BAD took the results of this survey to the local authorities and together we discussed these things.

As a direct result of this initiative, BAD has now joined a regular meeting attended by all the ‘stakeholders’ (e.g. doctors, health workers etc.), who determine Antwerp’s drug policy, and so now we can start to influence policy development.

In fact, recent Flemish drug policy does seems to be evolving and becoming a bit less repressive, as there are now talks underway about providing users with safe injection rooms.

BAD is also involved in the set-up of Needle Exchange in Antwerp.

Workshop Germany by Astrid (JES Rhein-Main)

Astrid kicked off her presentation with a general talk on JES (which stands for “Junkies, Ex-Junkies and People on scripts”), an organisation that is similar in many ways to ASUD in France or LSD in the Netherlands.

JES Germany consists of about forty local user groups, loosely organised under an umbrella organsation in Berlin.

This ‘umbrella’ is represented by four official speakers, who are elected by the annual general assembly of JES, and (until recently) a paid co-ordinator, who organised seminars and courses for users about political work.

The workshop discussed the problems presently facing JES – and in particular, the decision by Deutsche Aids Hilfe (who paid for the co-ordinator of the German network), that they could no longer fund this post.

The group expects that the main impact of this decision will be some organisational problems, but they are confident that they will be able to manage such problems if they occur.

Astrid and Monika also spoke about their own organisation in Frankfurt – JES Rhein-Main.

Besides their involvement in JES Rhein-Main, Monika and Astrid also produce JuBaz (Junkfurther Ballergazette), a magazine about drug use for drug users that has been published for more than 10 years now!

Workers with JuBaz get professional training, and there is magasine policy of ‘no censorship’.

This makes the magazine truly independent, despite the fact that it is financed by a local drug help association.

Workshop United Kingdom by Chris (National Network of Drug Users)

Chris facilitated a workshop on political lobbying, and talked about effective ways to put pressure on (local) authorities in order to achieve what we want.

Because the war on drugs is being fought at many frontiers, we must organise ourselves on as many fronts as possible.

Uniting as many opponents to prohibition as possible and formulating common goals is particularly important, as this will give us the ability to lobby politicians more effectively.

One problem that we face is that many politicians are prepared to support a more liberal drugs policy in private, but dare not say this in public.

Organising events like this is an important way to set up a solid political lobby and to give a voice to those who suffer most from present drug policy.

Finally, Chris felt that there were two factors that were in our favour.

At a time when politicians are desperate to reduce government spending, the war on drugs is extremely expensive!

He also stated that the rise of the Internet, with its ability to link people together, may very well be the most powerful weapon we have at present in the war on the ‘War on Drugs’.

Workshop France by Gilles (ASUD)

ASUD is a nation-wide network of user groups in France.

Their speaker, Gilles, put forward a rather gloomy image of life as a drug user in France nowadays.

It seems that some users have deliberately allowed themselves to become infected with HIV in order to get access to treatment with morphine-sulphate (Moscontin/Skenan) Also many amputations occur amongst drug users as a result of abscesses.

There are not many substitution programmes yet in France, and the ones that do exist (Methadone, buprenorphine) don’t give the users what they want, and so in order to get a buzz, many users end up injecting these substances, and by doing so risk abscesses or worse.

Also some users take large quantities of (extra-) strong beer in order to get a buzz.

This is all a result of the failure of current substitution programmes to meet the needs of drug users.

Another important part of ASUD’s work is fighting for the right to pleasure!

Contrary to the opinion of many drug professionals, most drug users take drugs not because they are unhappy, or have had a bad childhood, but because it is fun and pleasurable!

Harm reduction can only succeed when the authorities take this basic fact into consideration – but current drugs policy in France still prohibits needle exchange, or the testing of pills etc. for users.

Another problem ASUD faces, when publishing their regular magazine for drug users, is that French law expressly forbids them to publish pro-drug opinions and speak too openly about legalisation and related subjects.

Workshop Spain by Catalan drug User s Network

The Spanish representative also described the current situation in their country, and in particular, in the Catalan region of Spain.

There is a drop in centre, a needle exchange, and an outreach team working in Catalina, but this all has only just started.

The same is true for the user group.

They meet on a regular basis, and they also have a (sort of) Drug Users day that is held in December.

The distribution of methadone in Catalonia was discussed, and in particular, the efforts which the group has made to try to improve this facility.

The Users Network constantly put pressure on the service by informing them how and why the service should improve, and this seems to be very successful.

Part two OF REPORT

Workshop Slovenia by Vera, Dragica, Dare

The Slovene delegation spoke about the collaboration in Slovenia between user groups and the University, as well as making some general remarks about drug use in Slovenia.

For a couple of years now, a harm reduction-based approach has been developed in Slovenia, albeit only in Ljubljana and Koper.

There are some active outreach workers who are active, and it is possible to exchange needles and syringes, but that’s about it.

However, Slovenia has found ways to get European money for various programmes and researches.

Therefore a lot of research has recently started, examining different aspects of drug use and related matters.

But what is particularly interesting about these initiatives is that drug users themselves are involved in all aspects of these studies and programmes.

In fact, drug users even provide training for our social workers about the daily life of a user in Slovenia!

Workshop Russian Federation by Alec and Vitalec (MSF-H Harm Reduction Unit) (plenary)

Alec and Vitalec from Moscow facilitated a ‘plenary’ session in which they described what it is like being a drug user in Russia, especially in Moscow.

Russia has a very repressive policy towards drug use and drug users.

As we see elsewhere, this kind of policy often leads to bad health conditions – and recently a serious HIB epidemic broke out.

Becoming infected with HIV/ Hepatitis is very easy, as there are very strong penalties on the possession of needles.

This has led to massive sharing of needles, which in turn has lead to many users contracting infections of many kinds.

There are some needle exchange facilities, but such work is forced ‘underground’ by current drugs policy, and therefore such services only reaches a minority of drug users.

Detoxification is the only ‘treatment’ available, and there are no methadone programmes available, and there are no user groups at all.

However, for the last two years there has been an outreach team active on the streets of Moscow.

They reach a lot of users and provide them with relevant information.

In the near future, the team will start working on relationships with the police, in order to persuade them to change their opinions on drug use and drug users.

Step by step, we are trying to make it possible for drug users to live like other civilians with the same rights and the same access to care.

Another important topic in the near future is to help drug users to start their own user organisations.

At the moment it is not possible to speak up as a drug user without facing all kinds of punishments.

Therefore, a proper drug-user organisation is very necessary.

Workshop Basements by Liesbeth

A final short session was held about a Dutch model of safe rooms, called the ‘Basement’.

There are at present four such ‘Basements’, and they are all located in Rotterdam and run mainly by dealers.

Such initiatives appear to be a cheap and safe alternative to more orthodox ‘legal’ safe injecting rooms.

In these rooms it is allowed to use drugs, although injection is not allowed.

The concept is as follows: a dealer rents a location and turns it into a sort of ‘bar’.

Behind the bar, we find a dealer dealing cocaine and heroin, but also selling fruit juices and other such refreshments.

Agreements are made with neighbourhood and local authorities.

If the dealer keeps his place clean and if the Basement does not cause harm, they will allow it to continue.

In the actual basement, which is located downstairs; users are allowed to use their dope.

A doorman looks after the general atmosphere, and ensures that users do not hang about outside when leaving the building etc.

The co-operation that has been needed between these Basement projects and the police has led to some interesting discussions!

Dr.Alderwright-trophy

As in the preceding 3 years, this year the Dr. Alderwright-trophy was again awarded to the initiative, individual, or organisation which Dutch user groups feel have been the most “user-friendly”.

The award itself is named after the person who is supposed to have invented heroin – Dr. Alder Wright.

The trophy is becoming well known in Dutch drug services, and the winner often takes advantage of the trophy by seeking extra publicity (and money) for their award winning initiative.

This year, the prize went to the town of Alkmaar – to Tilly Balk and her project called” Vrouwen Solidair”.

Tilly, (who is known as Aunt Tilly in Alkmaar), has been working with marginalized groups in her local area since 1981, and all on a voluntarily basis.

Her activities come right from the heart, and Tilly and her colleagues have helped many people with basic needs and more.

Tilly herself said that she does not do anything special – she is just being human.

She was in tears when she received the trophy.

The Party

After a meal of Chinese/Indonesian food the Dow Jones Band went on stage and played like animals.

Two members of the band are police officers working at Amsterdam’s Warmoesstraat police station, (the most infamous police station that we have in the Netherlands).

The band played until ten, and by that that the majority of visitors already had left.

Although we live in a small country, it can still take several hours for some to get home.

Follow up programme

Following the drug user day, a number of people took advantage of their stay in Holland to see some of the interesting initiatives currently underway in the Netherlands.

Den Haag
Stichting Drugpunt Den Haag is a user group that has managed to get substantial funding from their local authority, which has made it possible to pay the workers for their work.

Our delegates from Spain, UK, France and Slovenia met with representatives of the local authorities who work with Drugpunt, and this turned out to be a very interesting meeting, which talked about mutual collaboration, and the influence Drugpunt has had on local politics.

Rotterdam

The Spanish and Russians also went to Rotterdam, where, of course, they visited St. Pauls Church. In this church there are safe rooms, and many marginalized people practically live there.

Also delegates visited the ‘Basements’ mentioned above, but it is hard to give an impression of these places, as they are very unique.

The day closed with a dinner, which was paid for by the dealer of the Basements!

Zwolle

The Spanish delegates clearly couldn’t get enough of our country – so they also went to Zwolle and visited a service centre for drug users, and afterwards went to a tourist site called Giethoorn.

Conclusive remarks

The first International Drug Users Day 1999 turned out to be very successful.

A lot of information was shared between the various user groups, and many groups made commitments to keep in contact with each other.

Fortunately, most groups now have access to Internet, which makes collaboration easier than ever before.

And, if the funding can be found, it is clear that many delegates would like to meet again at the upcoming Harm reduction Conference in Jersey in April 2000.

Theo van Dam
Daan van der Gouwe
December 1999

(with many thanks to Bill Nelles who made the report readable in English)

AGING DUTCH JUNKIES GO TO SPECIAL HOME

Media Awareness ProjectCalgary Herald (CN AB)

Pub date:Sat, 29 Jan 2000

Author Christine Lucassen – Reuters Rotterdam

 

AGING DUTCH JUNKIES GO TO SPECIAL HOME

`Look at this bathroom – it’s fantastic!There’s even a special low seat in the shower for when I grow really old,’ Carmel exclaimed before turning toward the window to prepare her heroin.

Carmel, silver-haired and fragile at 53, took her first pills and amphetamines at 17.

She became gradually trapped in the drugs spiral and began a life on the streets that lasted for years.

Now she sits on a neatly made single bed and injects her drugs while talking of her past, a handful of postcards of chubby angels and flowers pinned on the wall above her head.

She is one of seven residents in Rotterdam’s first home for elderly drug addicts, which opened its doors in the Dutch port city in September.

Known for tolerance of drug use, the liberal Netherlands faces a new hurdle as an increasing number of hard drug addicts survive to a pension able age.

While selling hard drugs such as heroin and cocaine is unlawful and dealers are prosecuted, addicts are treated as patients with a chronic health problem.

Hard drugs users are growing older, and their habit takes its toll.

They often face in their 40s the same problems people normally experience only in their early 70s.

`They are forgetful, neglect themselves, suffer from insomnia, live in isolation.

They need a place where they can settle down and take their drugs quietly,’ said Trudy de Bruin, administrator of the Boumanhuis home for elderly addicts.

Their health improves and their use of drugs stabilizes when they no longer need to go to the street for a fix,” de Bruin said.

The home is officially approved and partly funded by the Rotterdam municipality and health authority.

Residents, whose average age is 53, receive medical care and a daily dose of the heroin substitute methadone.

Screened for good behaviour before being admitted, they are not pressured to kick their habit.

Drug use is accepted – the staff even provide drugs on request – although house rules stipulate it is allowed only in private rooms.

`We concluded a few years ago that drying out isn’t always the best solution.

Drug use has been part of these people’s lives for 20-25 years and they don’t harm anybody,’ De Bruin said.

Tenants pay rent and, if they want drugs, they have to pay for them.

If they need more money than they do temporary work, mostly cleaning.

In the home, they do the shopping, cleaning and cooking.

Counsellors are on call to provide help and advice.

Senior junkies opt to live in the Boumanhuis so they no longer have to cope alone in the outside world.

They value the presence of a social worker 24 hours a day.

Security and the possibility to use drugs without being persecuted is also crucial.

`My life used to be like a roller-coaster. In here I’m doing better.

I’m no longer alone, there’s always somebody around and knowing that really helps,’ said Carmel.

Life in the home appears calm and quiet, with tenants back in their rooms in the evening long before the 11 p.m. deadline.

`In the house we lead quiet, ordinary lives, verging on boring sometimes.

People often just want to sit in their room, watch television, read a newspaper….

They discover it’s cozy to have a home,’ de Bruin explained.

In her room, Carmel, who spends most of her days reading, watching TV, drawing, writing or knitting, proudly shows off a turquoise dress she has made.

`I need to go on for a few more inches. It should not be too revealing: there are five men in the house,’ she said, smiling.

A man cleans the sink of the already spotless kitchen while team leader Roy talks to another addict and grey-haired Fred, 49, plays computer games.

`The Boumanhuis saved my life,’ Carmel observes.

MAP posted-by: Doc-Hawk

Selling Out First Amendment Rights

Media Awareness ProjectHouston Chronicle (TX) Pub date: Mon, 24 Jan 2000

 

Author: Charles Krauthammer Note: Krauthammer is a Pulitzer Prize-winning syndicated columnist based in Washington, D.C. Also: MAP is trying to identify as many newspapers as possible that this column appeared in. Readers, even if you are not sure how to newshawk the column, but you know it appeared in your newspaper, we would appreciate a note with the newspaper name, pubdate and title for the column. So far, besides this newspaper, we know it appeared in The Washington Post, Everett Herald (WA), Seattle Times (WA). Please send your notes to rlake@mapinc.org SELLING OUT FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTSNO one invokes the sanctity of the First Amendment more often and more passionately than the media. When music companies are criticized for purveying the most repulsive misogynistic rap lyrics, they hoist the First Amendment flag.

When newspaper reporters who’ve given confidentiality pledges refuse to testify about their sources, the flag is run up again.

As it should be. For all its abuses, the First Amendment is perhaps the greatest of all bulwarks against the power of government.

It turns out, however, that the TV networks are not quite the First Amendment purists they pretend to be.

Dangle some cash in front of them and they will let the White House drug czar vet their scripts.

Salon magazine reported Jan. 13 that in return for being released from the obligation to show free anti-drug ads (and thus enabled to sell that ad time), the TV networks have allowed the White House to review prime time programs to make sure they send the right anti-drug message.

These networks are parts of some of the same media giants that make passionate protestations of their sovereign right to purvey syncopated CD incitement to rape and murder.

They are quite willing, however, to accept government meddling in their prime time shows if that makes them money.

How much money?

There’s the howler.

The six networks combined sold their First Amendment soul for a grand total of $25 million.

This for companies with combined revenues of about $5 billion.

In reality, this ad-money-for-script-vetting swap is a novel form of product placement.

Product placement is the practice of taking a bundle of cash from Coke in return for having the hero swig some prominently onscreen.

Disturbing as it is, gratuitously inserting a soda can or cereal box into a scene for money is a trivial form of artistic corruption. However, inserting government-sponsored messages is not.

Unlike Coke and Kellogg, government has the power to tax, audit, subpoena, imprison. We allow companies and individuals and groups to put all kinds of pressure on media — through advertising, boycotts, lobbying.

But we balk when government, with such unique and abusable power, steps in.

In a system where liberty is preserved by the separation and diffusion of power, we rightly refuse to grant government even more power through control of the content of free media.

One reason is to prevent slightly Orwellian press releases of the kind issued by the White House drug office on Jan. 14. It is headlined “New Study Finds Little Depiction of Illicit Drugs on Network Prime Time Television: White House Drug Czar Pleased with Accurate Portrayals.” He should be. He paid for it.

No big deal, you say. This whole affair involves nothing more than promoting anti-drug messages on prime time shows. What’s so wrong with that?

The big deal is not these particular ads, but the principle: government’s hand in mass media scriptwriting.

If that is no big deal, what is to prevent government from doing it for other causes of its choosing?

President Clinton and his spokesmen were asked whether the vetting of scripts might not be extended to equally worthy messages about “gun control” and “youth violence” (and why not to recycling, ethnic tolerance, charitable giving and the correct use of the fork?). The response was not encouraging.

Press Secretary Joe Lockhart was defiant. We were “looking for other ways to get the (anti-drug) message out that allows networks in a robust advertising environment to sell to other people where they can make more money,” he said.

Got a problem with that? Well, yes. Some find the practice corrupting. And when they asked Lockhart if it does not raise questions about deceptive government influence, he responded in perfect Clintonian fashion: “As far as sort of theological questions for the entertainment industry,” said Lockhart, “I suggest you put the questions to the entertainment industry.”

But of course. This is surely an airy abstraction for the likes of Thomas Aquinas, on retainer at DreamWorks.

MAP posted-by: Richard Lake

kokain

Miltbrand i heroin: Tæller stofbrugerliv overhovedet?

Gadejuristen

Miltbrand i heroin: Tæller stofbrugerliv overhovedet?

Onsdag, 11 jul 2012

Så er den her, den livsfarlige heroin med miltbrand. En kær ven, en god mands gode bror, blev indlagt torsdag d. 5. juli 2012 med voldsomme smerter i ben og maveregion og afgik ved døden søndag d. 8. juli. Kunne dette dødsfald være undgået? Havde han måske henvendt sig i tide – helst allerede i slutningen af juni, da han begyndte at opleve smerter og stivhed i nakken – hvis de relevante myndigheder havde påtaget sig at advare og informere stofbrugerne? Vil flere komme til at lide denne brutale død?

Der skal her mindes om, at miltbrand-sporer ikke på nogen måde er en nødvendig ingrediens i heroin. At fænomenet forekommer, er en følge af kriminaliseringen og de forhold som de aktuelt illegale stoffer fremstilles under (fx tørring af opiummasse under åben afghansk himmel på gedehuder). Det er en kontrolrelateret skade. Det er dermed vores ansvar. Og vi må spørge os selv, og tage stilling til, om kriminaliseringen er det værd? Vi har dog ”legaliseret” heroin i den forstand, at vi fra 2010 har udbudt heroinunderstøttet behandling. Men stadig kun til en alt for lille gruppe og alene under nogle omstændigheder der gør, at en alt for lille gruppe kan komme i betragtning. Og selv om vore politikere, næsten uafhængigt af partifarve for nogle måneder siden – under behandlingen af lovforslaget om etablering af stofindtagelsesrum (L185) – nærmest stod på nakken af hinanden for at støtte udvidelse af den også i Danmark succesrige heroinbehandling, er de praktisk indiskutabelt nødvendige skridt endnu ikke taget. Traditionen tro har vi så umanerligt god tid på stofbrugernes vegne og bekostning.

I anledning af nyligt tilsvarende tilfælde af miltbrand-død i Tyskland udtalte professor Østergaard, infektionsmedicinsk afdeling, Aarhus Universitetshospital, d. 22. juni 2012 følgende til pressen:

”Der er kun grund til bekymring for narkomanerne, og dem skal vi nok tage hånd om”.

Gjorde man det, professor? Tog man hånd om stofbrugerne? Hvordan?

En række spørgsmål trænger sig på.

Hvorfor er der ikke udgået nogen som helst information til stofbrugerne selv i forebyggende øjemed fra hverken infektionsmedicinerne, Sundhedsstyrelsen, Embedslægerne eller politiet FØR skaden skete?

Hvorfor informerede sundhedsvæsenet alene ”sine egne”? Hvorfor blev dette fundet tilstrækkeligt? Hvad med de potentielle patienter? Hvorfor blev den forebyggende indsats i forhold til de potentielle patienter ikke anset for mindst lige så væsentlig?

Skulle politiet have handlet? Er det overhovedet hensigtsmæssigt eller rimeligt at forestille sig, at politiet skal varetage det forebyggende informationsarbejde af sundhedsfaglig karakter rettet mod stofbrugerne selv, også dem på gadeplan, en gruppe mennesker der oven i købet bestemt ikke er videre glade for eller trygge ved politiet? Hvis dette faktisk er udtryk for en allerede fastlagt arbejdsdeling ved miltbrand-alarm, at Sundhedsstyrelsen/sundhedsvæsenet blot skal tage sig af de hvidkitledes ve og vel, mens politiet skal tage sig af den forebyggende indsats af sundhedsfaglig karakter i forhold til stofbrugerne, de potentielle patienter, er verden så ikke helt af lave? Gadejuristen har tidligere pointeret, at stofbrugerne har enormt behov for en sundhedsminister, men alligevel ofte er belemrede af hele to justitsministre, herunder sundhedsministre, som når det kommer til stofbrugerne opfører sig som justitsminister; en tilstand der kun skræmmende klart så vel herved er illustreret.

Hvorfor tog det kommunale behandlingssystem ikke ansvar og affære? Først to døgn efter det første miltbrand-dødsfald i Danmark var en kendsgerning, blev der omdelt informationsmateriale fra Københavns Kommunes Socialforvaltning … Man burde vel, og som minimum i søndags, hvor det stod klart, at den var gal, straks have sænket tærsklerne så markant, at man fx havde kørt en metadonbus ned i Gaden og inviteret det heroinafhængige gadefolk indenfor. Ligesom man skulle have ladet en ladeport til heroinbehandlingen på Valmuen afløse det i øvrigt af mange grunde komplet uforståelige aktuelle indskrivningsstop (trods knap 50 ledige pladser!), frem for fortsat at lade de heroinafhængige være henvist til muligt miltbrand-inficeret gadeheroin. Først tirsdag udkom der altså skriftligt informationsmateriale – men ingen metadonbus og heller ingen åben ladeport til heroinklinikken Valmuen.

På TV-lorry meddelte politiet mandag aften, d. 9. juli 2012, at ‘det ikke var sikkert der var sammenhæng’ og man mente vel, at blot fordi der var sket miltbrand-dødsfald i Tyskland, behøvede den inficerede heroin ikke at lande i Danmark. Når der skal fundraises midler til politiets narkotikakontrol, har politiet ellers ikke været sene til at påpege narkotikafænomenets svært omkostningstunge grænseoverskridende natur … En sådan grænseoverskridende natur gælder selvsagt ikke alene for heroin UDEN miltbrand-sporer, men – selvfølgelig – også for heroin MED miltbrand-sporer …

I mangel af bedre måtte brugerne på gadeplan nøjes med information som denne, der kan downloades som pdf-fil her på siden, fra os i Gadejuristen, som vi, sammen med brugerforeningerne Trinløse Tænkere og BrugerForeningenfor aktive stofbrugere, begyndte at omdele allerede søndag aften.

Hvor dette land dog savner en uafhængig, højkompetent, ikke-politisk, koordinerende instans for narkotikaindsats. Hvis ikke for stofbrugernes skyld, så af hensyn til samfundsøkonomien; vi taler her om milliarder af skattekroner, der fyres af år efter år på politikontrol og såkaldt ”behandling”, uden at nogen kan hævde ret mange dokumenterede gavnlige virkninger, mens skadevirkningerne tårner sig op. Stofferne er kun flere og flere, lettere og lettere tilgængelige og billigere end nogensinde. Samtidig dør stofbrugerne kontinuerligt i alt for ung alder i hobetal, og mens de stadig forsøger desperat at overleve, krænkes de juridisk i et uhørt omfang. Dette gælder på det sundhedsretlige felt, hvor deres patientrettigheder er så godt som ikke-eksisterende, på det socialretlige felt, hvor fx den “behandlingsgaranti”, som politikerne mener at have givet brugerne tilbage i 2003, stadig ikke har vist sig. Det gælder familieretligt, boligretligt og økonomisk i forhold til deres eksistensgrundlag, der gentagne gange sanktioneres til ophør, hvilket også gør dem fx boligløse, og det gælder i forhold til striben af komplet uforståelige afslag på bevilling af førtidspension.

Mon vi nogensinde får en sådan instans? Et nyt Narkotikaråd? En Narkotika-kommission?

Den tidligere regering mente tydeligvis ikke det var nødvendigt at involvere fagfolk. Dels nedlagde man Narkotikarådet, straks man kom til, og herefter blev dansk narkotikaindsats tilrettelagt i et rum bestående af politikere og embedsfolk, som til gengæld var nærmest hermetisk lukket for fagfolk. Baggrunden for en sådan tilgang til det så komplekse narkotikafænomen blev beskrevet i denne tidligere regerings første narkotikahandleplan”Kampen mod narko”, oktober 2003, p. 6, og gengives her, også for at vi aldrig glemmer, hvor galt det kan gå:

“10. Fortalere for narkotikapolitiske ændringer fremhæver ofte nødvendigheden af en realistisk narkotikapolitik, som er evidensbaseret. Dette – tilsyneladende indlysende – krav må imidlertid forstås og sættes i perspektiv. Det er således afgørende, at man ikke isoleret ser på de forventede, umiddelbare virkninger af et bestemt tiltag, men også vurderer det i forhold til andre relevante narkotikapolitiske elementer. En sådan bredere vurdering vil i nogle tilfælde blotlægge en konflikt mellem modstridende hensyn. I den situation kan narkotikapolitiske valg ikke udelukkende baseres på ekspertdefineret evidens. De må medinddrage prioriteringer af politisk natur; ellers kunne det jo også overlades til eksperter alene at fastlægge narkotikapolitikken.”

Udover et par ellers begavede og stofbruger-venlige sætninger i den siddende regerings regeringsgrundlag, har vi reelt for nuværende ingen narkotikapolitik.

Kom nu land, kom nu!

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The War on Drugs, Christiania, Roskildefestival & miltbrand

Punditokraterne

The War on Drugs, Christiania, Roskildefestival & miltbrand

Udgivet den 08/07/2012

af Niels Westy Munch-Holbek

For en uge siden døde en ung svensker efter at have indtaget en overdosis Ecstacy (og der skal meget til). For få timer siden døde stofbrugeren Tom af miltbrand. Den pådrog han sig via inficeret heroin. Det er blot to af de mange som hvert år dør som konsekvens af den førte narkotikapolitik.

Siden en række politikere besøgte Christiania, og TV2 journalist efterfølgende fik bank, da han forsøgte at filme i pusherstreet, er der igen blevet diskuteret hash herhjemme. I sidste uge erklærede Børsen på lederplads, at legalisering bør overvejes. Som Christopher Arzrouni skrev i lederen under overskriften “Christianias selvmord”:
Ved at afkriminalisere hash ville man gøre både samfundet og Christiania en tjeneste. Politiets ressourcer kunne anvendes bedre. Og borgerne kunne holdes væk fra de kriminelle miljøer. Dertil kommer, at forskellen på almindelig tobak og hash heller ikke er overvældende. Ingen er i tvivl om, at begge dele er skadelige for helbredet. Men den fare, man udsætter sig for – med henblik på at opnå andre fordele som f.eks. nydelse – er i bund og grund en privat sag. Og såfremt man ikke kan acceptere dette principielle argument, skylder man et ordentligt bud på, hvordan man vil undgå de meget store ulemper, som kriminalisering afføder. Det er ikke kun et problem for Christiania. Her fungerer “Fristaden” desværre som et skræmmende fremtidsbillede på, hvad resten af samfundet risikerer. De er jo en del af os selv.

Hermed følger man delvist i sporene på Wall Street Journal, Finansiel Times og The Economist, som alle tre for mange år siden erklærede, at de er tilhængere af en eller anden form for legalisering, ikke kun af hash, men også af hårdere stoffer.

New York Times bragte for nylig en mindre artikel, som sætter tåbelighederne i relief. Under overskriften “Numbers Tell Of Failure i Drug War“, pointerer Eduardo Porter, at det hverken er den samlede produktion af opium og marihuana eller andelen af kokain til det amerikanske marked, som kommer via Mexico, som udstiller problemet ved den førte politik. Hvis ét tal udstiller den fortsatte forbudspolitiks fiasko, er det udviklingen i prisen på kokain gennem de seneste 30 år.
If there is one number that embodies the seemingly intractable challenge imposed by the illegal drug trade on the relationship between the United States and Mexico, it is $177.26. That is the retail price, according to Drug Enforcement Administration data, of one gram of pure cocaine from your typical local pusher. That is 74 percent cheaper than it was 30 years ago.

Forbruget af illegale rusmidler har bortset fra en top i 70erne og et dyk i begyndelsen af 1990erne været rimeligt konstant, og prisudviklingen siger alt om et udbud som fint opfylder markedets efterspørgsel.

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Udviklingen understreger blot hvad vi har vidst i årtier, nemlig at prisen på stoffer har meget lidt indflydelse på den efterspurgte mængde (lav priselasticitet).

Som faste læsere af bloggen ved, har jeg i efterhånden en del år argumenteret for legalisering i en eller anden form. Det er den eneste rationelle – og moralsk rigtige – løsning. Som Christopher Arzrouni så korrekt skriver;
“den fare, man udsætter sig for – med henblik på at opnå andre fordele som f.eks. nydelse – er i bund og grund en privat sag.”

Mere præcist kan det vel ikke siges.

For tidligere indlæg som beskæftiger sig med de menneskelige og økonomiske konsekvenser af den førte politik, se bl.a her, her og her, samt for beregninger af forventede besparelser og skatteindtægter ved liberalisering, se her.

Død og ødelæggelse fremmer forståelsen

New York Times er langt fra de første som skriver om fiaskoen med bekæmpelse af narkotikaforbrug gennem forbud. Milton Friedman pointerede allerede i 1972 i en kort artikel i Newsweek, at ” The War on Drugs” var dømt til at mislykkes fra start, se ogsåher. 20 år senere beskrev han den førte politik med ordene:
There are some general features of a socialist enterprise, whether it’s the Post Office, schools, or the war on drugs. The enterprise is inefficicnt, expensive, very advantageous to a small group of people, and harmful to a lot of people. That was true of socialism in Russia, it was true of socialism in Poland, and it’s true of socialism in the United States.

For et par år siden skrev Mary O’Grady i Wall Street Journal et glimrende indlæg om den absurde og eskalerende udvikling i Mexico, hvor hun slog fast, at kampen mod narkokartellerne var “doomed“.

Men selv om man må beklage de store tab af menneskeliv (ca. 50.000 de seneste 6 år i Mexico), både på efterspørgsels- og udbudssiden, er det formentlig netop omkostningerne ved den fortsatte indsats mod udbudssiden, som på et eller andet tidspunkt vil udvirke en bevægelse mod en egentlig legalisering.

En række latinamerikanske tidligere og nuværende præsidenter ved flere lejligheder talt og skrevet for egentlig legalisering, og de ved om nogen hvilke enorme omkostninger den førte politik indebærer. Det skal dog medtages, at flertallet af befolkningen i de pågældende lande fortsat er modstandere af legalisering. Derudover vil en sådan indebærer et opgør med primært USA og en række europæiske lande.

Et er dog sikkert. Det bliver ikke via rationelle cost-benefit analyser af den første politik på de store aftagermarkeder, at den afgørende ændring kommer til at ske. Dertil er omkostningerne set med myndigheders og politikeres øjne for små, mens gevinsterne er for store, i kraft af bevillinger og arbejdspladser.

Narkotikapolitikkens dødelige konsekvenser

Starten på dette års Roskildefestival faldt sammen med, at en af deltagerne døde af en overdosis Ectacy. Et stof som af eksperter anses for at være relativt ufarligt.

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Dødsfaldet er formentlig primært resultatet af den førte narkotikapolitik. Havde vedkommende haft muligheden for at købe stoffet legalt, ville der både have været en varedeklaration og vejledning i hvorledes stoffet skulle indtages med, ligesom styrke havde været kendt.

Forudsigeligt har interessen hos mange medier, bl.a. TV2, primært været at fokusere på det lidet overraskende faktum, at der er illegale rusmidler på Roskildefestivallen og hvad arrangørerne vil gøre ved dette. Hvad han man forestillet sig? Det er jo ikke en festival for visesang, men for rockmusik og alt det som følger heraf.

I forlængelse af at politiet i år har fortaget flere anholdelser på grund af illegale stoffer fulgte herefter historier om at der var flere stoffer på årets festival. Det kunne jo tænkes, at poltiet, på grund af medieinteressen havde øget fokus på dette område, til irritation for festdeltagerne og uden at det ændrer en tøddel i forhold til de grundlæggende problemer. Om der reelt er flere stoffer i år end sidste år, skal jeg lade være usagt. At der skulle være flere stoffer end en i 1970erne eller 1980erne, hvor jeg selv deltog, stiller jeg mig dog tvivlende overfor. Stofferne er nok nogle andre, i 1970erne var der ud over altid nærværende hash, bl.a. heroin, i 1980erne og fremefter amfetamin og kokain. Den store forskel fra dengang og til nu er formentlig primært hvor meget ordensmagten gør for at skride ind. Jeg ved ikke hvordan det er nu om dage, men for 30 år siden skulle man stort set tænde en joint lige foran en betjent før der blev grebet ind, mens alt stort set kunne lade sig gøre på campingområdet.

Miltbrand som konsekvens af den førte narkotikapolitik

Til slut blot ét lille eksempel på hvorledes den førte politik ødelægger og slår mennesker ihjel. tilbage i 2009 oplevede man flere tilfælde af miltbrand i heroin i andre europæiske lande, hvilket fik sundhedsstyrelsen til at skrive følgende i en advarsel:
Smittekilden er endnu ikke endeligt identificeret, men man mistænker, at der kan være tale om forurening af et parti heroin med sporer fra bakterien Bacillus anthrachis. Alternativt kan der være tale om forurening af et tilsætningsstof til heroinen

Ifølge brugerforeninger og fora på nettet for stofbrugere, er der inficeret heroin i omløb i Danmark. Tidligere i dag (søndag) afgik stofbrugeren Tom ved døden, med stor sandsynlighed på grund af miltbrand fra inficeret stof. Mindst en yderligere stofbruger viser tegn på at være smittet med miltbrand.

Mens den unge svenskers død for en uge siden formentlig er resultatet af manglende viden om dosering, er stofbrugeren Toms død ene og alene resultat af, at heroin ikke kan produceres og sælges under legale former.

Denne debat fylder stadig fortvivlende lidt i medierne, desværre.

Law-careers

Eksperter: Legaliser stofferne, Danmarks Radio’s Agenda kl. 16:03 på P1, den 23. oktober 2011

Eksperter: Legaliser stofferne, Danmarks Radio’s Agenda kl. 16:03 på P1, den 23. oktober 2011

Hør hele udsendelsen:(57:21)

En gang var alle euforiserende stoffer lovlige. Og den gang var der faktisk ikke så mange der tog dem. Så blev stofferne forbudt og et helvede af misbrug brød løs.
I hele verden kæmper man en svær kamp imod stofferne, der siver ind i ethvert samfund, uanset hvor forbudte de end er og hvor agressivt man bekæmper dem, der sælger og bruger dem.

Men de senere år er der kommet en stigende tendens til at mene, at vi simpelthen bare skal lovliggøre stofferne. Ikke bare fri hash eller heroin til de hårdest ramte narkomaner – næ en total legalisering af alle euforiserende stoffer. Og det er bestemt ikke hippierne der kæmper for det. Det er politifolk, dommere og efterretningsagenter, der laver lobbyarbejde for det, økonomer der skriver ledere om det i deres højest estimerede tidsskrifter, og efterhånden også magtfulde politikere i de lande der er aller hårdest ramt af den vold og dødelighed, vi har vænnet os til at se som en selvfølgelig konsekvens af stoffernes tilstedeværelse. Det lyder skørt, men i løbet af udsendelsen i dag, vil vi forhåbentlig blive klogere på, hvorfor den holdning vinder frem.

En af dem der går i spidsen i kampen imod forbudspolitiken, er en amerikaner ved navn Jack Cole. Han er pensioneret politibetjent og har sammen med nogle af sine tidligere kollegaer dannet organisationen LEAP, der står for Law Enforcement Against Prohibition – Retshåndhævere Imod Forbud.

- Alle stoffer skal legaliseres. Og det er vigtigt at det er alle stoffer. Jo farligere et stof, jo mere grund til at legalisere det. For man kan ikke kontrollere det på andre måder. Hvem kontrollerer stofferne nu? De kriminelle. De bestemmer hvilke stoffer, hvor stærke, hvad de skal fortyndes med, hvad de skal koste, hvem der må købe og hvor de bliver solgt. Vi skal tage ansvaret over de stoffer tilbage. De skal legaliseres og reguleres. Når man legalisere stoffer, fjerner man med det samme volden. Og man standser overdoser, hævdede Jack Cole.
Han bygger sine holdning på tal fra hele verden og så fra sine egne erfaringer som narkotika betjent der både husker tiden før og under den verserende “War On Drugs”.

- Da jeg kom ind i korpset i New Jersey i 1964 havde vi 1700 betjente og vi havde en syv mand stor narkotika afdeling. Og seks år senere var syv betjente stadig tilstrækkeligt til opgaven med narkotika bekæmpelse. Og så pludselig i oktober 1970 gik vi fra en syv personers afdeling til et 76 personers narkotika bureau. Fra dag til dag. Betalt af regeringen.
Når man forstørrer en afdeling med kun én opgave til 11 gange dens oprindelige størrelse, sker det med en forventning om at der kommer til at ske 11 gange så mange anholdelser. Og det her foregik over hele USA.
Så det følgende år var vi ude og arrestere alle vi kunne få øje på eller komme i tanke om. Og hvis man ser på statistikkerne, var antallet af arrestationer for ikke-voldelige stof forbrydelser omkring 10.000. I 1970 steg det til 415.000 som vi anholdt det år for ikke-voldelige stof forbrydelser.
Vores chefer ville have Krigen Mod Narko til at se ud som den mest nødvendige ting, vi kunne lave. For de penge regeringen brugte på at uddanne så mange narko betjente i 1970, ville de ikke bruge året efter. Med mindre vi kunne få det til at se ud som om det var fuldstændig essentielt.
Så vi løj. Vi snød med statistikkerne. Der var ikke særlig mange narkohandlere på det tidspunkt. Særligt ikke der hvor jeg arbejdede i forstæderne til NYC.
Så de satte os undercover betjente ind på små vennekredse. 10-15 unge mennesker og fredag aften er der måske nogen der spørger om der skal tages stoffer. Og hvis ingen siger det, så var det mit job. Og hvis nogen var med på den, var der måske en anden der havde adgang til en bil som så ville køre ind til byen og købe fx to joints eller et LSD trip til de forskellige medlemmer i gruppen inkl. mig. Og når de så kom tilbage med deres minimale stof mængder og gav mig min bestilling, blev de til “big-time narkohandlere”, for det var hvad vi kaldte dem.
Jeg blev i gruppen indtil jeg havde fået alle medlemmerne. Og det var nemt, for de tjente ingen penge på det, så det gik på tur. Det gjorde hver af os agenter. Vi havde omkring 10 grupper hver i forskellige byer. Så efter ca. 45 dage lavede vi razzia. Jeg havde den slags sager på måske 100 mennesker.
Så rullede vi ud om natten og sparkede dørene ind. Og når vi kom til stationen havde vi allerede tilkaldt tv stationerne, så vi ku få deres billeder i aviserne og ødelægge deres omdømme. Og når vi havde linet 100 personer op ad væggen, kom chefen ud og sagde “se, der er 100 store narkohandlere vi har taget ud af jeres område. Det her er et kæmpe problem. Vi skal bruge flere penge og strengere lovgivning. For det her vil ødelægge samfundet.” Det var alt sammen noget vi fandt på!, siger Jack Cole.

- I mit land har vi gjort det så slemt at hvis du blir taget med så meget som en joint, så mister du kørekortet. Hvis du er fx en 20årig person og har en familie du forsørger og du mister kørekortet er det et stort problem. For vi har ikke noget kollektivt trafik system. Så med mindre du bor i en storby kan du ikke komme på arbejde, hvis du ikke har en bil. Så vi tager folks job fra dem og skader dermed hele stofbrugerens familie. Til sidst bliver de nødt til at stjæle for at overleve. Ingen vil ansætte dem, fordi de har en dom. I modsætning til en afhængighed, så hænger en dom ved dig resten af livet.
- Ifølge DEA havde vi, da vi startede Krigen Mod Stoffer, omkring 4 millioner mennesker i USA som havde brugt et illegalt stof. Det var omkring 2% af befolkningen. Nu har vi 112 millioner mennesker – 46% af den nuværende befolkning.

- Vi havde kun alkohol forbud i 13 år. Og på de år skabte vi organiseret kriminalitet, vi hævede drabs raten til det hidtil højeste. Og vi skabte mere korruption især blandt politiet end der nogensinde havde været før. Og det kunne vi ikke stå inde for, så vi afskaffede den lov i 1933. Dagen efter var Al Capone og hans kumpaner arbejdsløse og slog ikke hinanden eller os betjente ihjel. Drabs raten og korruptionen dalede til næsten ingenting. Og der blev det i næsten 35 år. Indtil Nixon erklærede krig mod stoffer. Nu er det lagt værre end under alkohol forbuddet.

I Danmark er en af Jack Coles meningsfæller økonom og kommentator Niels Westy Munch-Holbek. Han siger:

- Ifølge undersøgelser, har amerikanske unge i dag lettere ved at skaffe stoffer end alkohol.

Niels Westy foreslår, at man i Danmark kan indføre en model i forhold til stoffer der svarer til Sveriges alkohol model, hvor man har Systembolaget som varetager alkohol salget.

-På den måde kan man få kontrol med stof salget. pusherne er jo ligeglade med, hvem de sælger til. Men i en forretning kan man lave sanktioner.

Et af argumenterne for legalisering er, at forbuddet ikke har ført til mindre fstofbrug. Snarre det modsatte.

- WHO lavede undersøgelse i 2008 hvor de undersøgte sammenhængen mellem lovgivning og forbrug. Og de fandt simpelthen ingen sammenhæng. Der var stort set procentvis lige meget stofbrug i Sverige og Portugal som har henholdsvis Europas strengeste og lempeligste stofpolitik, siger Niels Westy og fortsætter:

- En anden ting man kunne forestille sig ville ske, er også at selve stoffer bliver bedre og mindre skadelige. Der ville sandsynligvis være en økonomisk interesse i at lave stoffer med færre bivirkninger. Stofferne vil blive svagere, fordi de bliver stærkere af at være forbudte – bl.a. pga. at de skal smugles. Under alkohol forbuddet blev det mere og mere spiritus man drak, frem for øl og vin, for det kom til at handle mere om virkningen end om nydelsen. Folk blev blinde af det og døde af det. I slutningen af alkohol forbuddet begyndte folk at injicere alkohol!*

Om en stof legalisering vil blive til virkelighed er en anden historie. Men både Niels Westy, socialoverlæge Peter Ege og Jack Cole er optimistiske.

- Jeg tror, der er en anden holdning hos befolkningen end officielt fra politikerne. Når man sætter sig ned og snakker, har jeg kun oplevet at folk ændrer mening, siger Niels Westy.

En af de politikere der taler imod legalisering og for en strengere kurs imod stoffer er De Konservatives Tom Behnke. En gang var han ellers af en anden opfattelse. I 1993 skrev han en kronik der anbefalede lovliggørelse med mange af LEAPs argumenter. Han skrev bl.a.:

- Først og fremmest bør vi få begrænset følgerne af narkotikabrug. Det betyder, at vi skal have nedbragt kriminaliteten, der følger af de store omkostninger forbundet med forbruget, og samtidig skal vi have begrænset antallet af dødsfald og sygdom i forbindelse med narkotikabrug.

I dag siger Tom Behnke dog til Agenda:

- Prisen for at lave en legalisering ville være at alle ville få nem adgang til euforiserende stoffer. Og der vil være rigtig mange som vil have svært ved at kunne forstå, at narkotika er farligt, når nu det er fuldt lovligt. Derfor er man nødt til at fastholde den kurs man har nu, for at holde tilgangen af nye stofbrugere nede på et minimum.

Det sted i verden hvor man er gået længst i retning af legalisering er i Portugal, hvor man de sidste 10 år har haft en afkriminalisering af alle stoffer. Det betyder at borgerne må have ethvert stof på sig i en mængde der svarer til 10 dages forbrug.

Resultaterne af det forsøg peger ikke på at Tom Behnke vil få ret i sin frygt. En undersøgelse af det portugisiske projekt offentliggjort i British Journal of Criminology konkluderer, at forsøget har medført færre stofmisbrugere generelt, et drastisk fald i tilgangen af nye stofbrugere, en bremsning af spredningen af HIV blandt stofbrugere og færre overdoser. Det eneste stof Portugal har set en stigning i bruget af, er cannabis. Det er dog steget mindre end i det øvrige Europa og USA. 13% af portugisiske 15-16årige har prøvet pot. Det generelle tal for den aldersgruppe i Europa er 19%. Og i USA har 32% af aldersgruppen røget pot.

empty-hollywood-star-01

Berømtheder opfordrer den engelske regering til at afkriminalisere besiddelse af narkotika.

Berømtheder opfordrer den engelske regering til at afkriminalisere besiddelse af narkotika.

Kampagnen ledes af skuespillere, akademikere og advokater, siger den nuværende narkotikapolitik og narkolove stempler folk og skader samfundet.

Af Alan Travis indre anliggenders redaktør

The Guardian, torsdag den 2, juni 2011.

Dame Judi Dench, Sting og Sir Richard Branson, er blandt dem, der har underskrevet et åbent brev til premiereminister David Cameron opfordrede til, at besiddelse af narkotika skal afkriminalisere. Foto: Jockmans / Rex Features
Dame Judi Dench, Sir Richard Branson, og Sting har sluttet en eks-narkominister og tre tidligere chef betjente til at indkalde til afkriminalisering af besiddelse af alle narkotiske stoffer.
Den højt profilerede berømtheder sammen med førende advokater, akademikere, kunstnere og politikere har underskrevet et åbent brev til David Cameron at markere denne uge 40 års jubilæum af 1971 Misbrug af narkotika loven. Brevet, som blev offentliggjort i en helsides annonce i torsdagens Guardian, opfordrer til en “hurtig og transparent« gennemgang af effektiviteten af ​​de aktuelle narkotikapolitikker.

Underskriverne siger, at alle de sidste 40 år har produceret, er en hastig vækst i ulovlig stofbrug i Storbritannien, og betydelige skader som følge af anvendelsen af ​​strafferetten til personlig brug og besiddelse af alle former for narkotika. »Denne politik er dyrt for skatteyderne og ødelæggende for samfund,« hævder de. »Kriminalisering af mennesker, der bruger narkotika fører til større social udstødelse og stigmatisering og gør det meget vanskeligere for dem at få arbejde og til at spille en produktiv rolle i samfundet. Det skaber et samfund fyldt med spildte ressourcer. ‘

Brevet lancerer ​​kampagnen, “Narkotika – det er tid til bedre love”, er blevet organiseret af den nationale narkotikastrategi og velgørenhed Release. Andre underskrivere omfatter filminstruktør Mike Leigh, skuespillere Julie Christie og Kathy Burke og førende advokat Sir Geoffrey Bindman QC. Den tidligere Labour narkotikaminister Bob Ainsworth, og tre tidligere politichefer, Paul Whitehouse, Francis Wilkinson og Tom Lloyd, har alle sat deres navne til punkt og prikke.

De påpeger, at næsten 80.000 mennesker blev fundet skyldieg eller advaret for besiddelse af ulovlige stoffer – hvoraf de fleste var unge, sorte eller fattige – i 2010. I løbet af det seneste årti, har mere end en million mennesker endte med en straffeattest som en følge af narkolovgivningen.
Brevet falder sammen med torsdagens New York lancering af rapporten fra Den Globale Kommission on Drug Policy, der tæller tre tidligere sydamerikanske præsidenter, den tidligere generalsekretær for De Forenede Nationers Kofi Annan og Sir Richard Branson blandt sine medlemmer.
»Krigen mod narkotika har undladt at stoppe stofbrug, men har fyldt vores fængsler, kostet millioner i skatte betalte dollars, næret organiseret kriminalitet og forårsaget tusinder af dødsfald. Vi har brug for en ny tilgang, en, der tager magten ud af hænderne på den organiserede kriminalitet og behandler folk med misbrugsproblemer som patienter og ikke som kriminelle, “sagde Branson, grundlægger af Virgin Group, der var tilstede ved lanceringen.
»Den gode nyhed er der findes nye tilgange der fokuserer på regulering og afkriminalisering der har arbejdet. Vi har brug for at vores ledere, herunder forretningsfolk, ser på alternativer og faktabaserede fremgangsmåder.

»Vi har brug for mere menneskelige og effektive måder at reducere skader af narkotika. Den ene ting, vi ikke har råd til at gøre, er at gå videre og lade som “krigen mod narkotika« fungerer. ”
Sting, der også underskrev brevet til Cameron, sagde: »Unges straffeattester for mindre besiddelser af narkotika tjener ikke noget formål – det er tid til at tænke på mere opfindsomme måder at løse stofbrug i vores samfund.”
Ainsworth, den tidligere Indenrigsminister, narkotikaminister og forsvarsminister, beskrev i december sidste år krigen mod narkotika som «intet mindre end en katastrofe”, og opfordrede til legal regulering af produktion og distribution af stoffer.
Kampagnen definerer afkriminalisering som en model, der vedtager civile snarere end strafferetlige sanktioner, såsom konfiskation og advarsler og faste straffe og bøder snarere end anholdelse, retsforfølgning og en straffeattest.
De højt profilerede forkæmpere peger på den portugisiske erfaringer som bevis for, at afkriminalisering ikke fører til en stigning i brugen af ​​narkotika. Portugal indførte som det første europæiske land i juli 2001 »administrative« sanktioner – svarende til parkeringsbøder – for besiddelse af alle illegale stoffer.

Den umiddelbare reaktion fra Home Office i aftes var at udelukke en sådan ændring: “Vi har ingen intentioner om at liberalisere vores narkotikalove. Narkotika er ulovligt, fordi det er skadeligt – det ødelægger liv og forårsager elendighed for familier og lokalsamfund.
“De der er fanget i den onde cirkel af afhængighed, skal støttes i at leve et stoffrit liv, men at give folk et grønt lys til at besidde narkotika gennem afkriminalisering er helt klart ikke svaret,” sagde en regeringstalsmand.
»Vi foretrækker handling gennem hårde retshåndhævelser, både her i landet og i udlandet, sammen med indførelse af midlertidige forbud mod beføjelser og robust behandling programmer, der støtter folk til at få en stoffri tilværelse.”